Performing tasks to determine the reasonableness with which the financial statements present the asset situation, the results of the fiscal year, the evolution of equity and the variations in funds, by issuing our professional opinion.

The financial statements include those that are mandatory and those for special purposes, such as those required for stock exchange listing, transfers of business funds, incorporation, reorganization, merger, absorption and demerger of companies, transfer of corporate shares, and those required by financial entities.

As a result of the audit tasks carried out through the examination of the financial statements and of those that may be requested or that we may suggest be conducted, we express our opinion through a report, on the outcome of the assessment of internal control systems and provide recommendations to optimize the level of efficiency and reliability and, if necessary, correct the weaknesses that are observed.

Analysis and interpretation of financial statements, their economic-financial evaluation. Valuation of assets, shares, participations in companies and sole proprietorships, in-kind contributions, business keys, trademarks, patents, royalties, concessions, and other concepts of a similar nature. Advice and supervision in the inventory assessment and recording for any company, sole proprietorship or corporate entity. Assistance in the preparation of documentation and reports required by financial entities. Reports and/or professional certifications on sales; debtor balances; debts; personal income; asset declarations; equity; capital increase contributions; insurance claims; performed activity; required by the Federal Administration of Public Revenues; General Directorate of Revenues; projected financial statements; cost and expense structures; projected cash flows.

We collaborate with companies in their transition from local accounting standards to the INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) and assist them in all facets of the implementation process up to the issuance of their financial statements.

Many companies around the world have implemented or are in the process of changing their Accounting Principles to IFRS. Latin America is actively engaged in the process of this conversion in the coming years.

The constant changes in tax regulations make it necessary to stay informed for effective business planning. Therefore, it has become essential to have a team of experts in this field to understand how these changes affect businesses and the obligations they generate.

These professionals are organized to maintain ongoing communication with clients, gaining knowledge of their intentions, plans, and projects. They develop forecasts of tax implications for future events, inform clients about new regulations in effect, and alert them about regulations under study.

We provide ongoing or specialized advice and address inquiries regarding tax legislation and technical matters. We interpret tax regulations and analyze their effects on clients' activities and operations.

We prepare calculations and file tax returns for various national, provincial, and municipal taxes, submitting them to the respective tax authorities. We provide information for the financial budget of tax obligations according to the payment deadlines.

We offer technical advice and supervision for determining the different taxes that apply to companies' activities, transactions, assets, or results. The client's personnel prepare the corresponding tax returns or calculations under our guidance.

We provide specialized advice and assistance on tax-related matters such as recovering value-added tax credits for exports, industrial promotion and other tax incentives, requesting refunds of available balances and technical funds, technology transfers, business reorganizations, and the transformation, demerger, merger, and liquidation of companies. We handle the necessary procedures to obtain reimbursement.

We offer guidance and assistance with information reporting requirements, invoicing and recording, offsets, advance payments, and withholdings and deductions that affect business activities, as well as withholding on employee compensation.

We address import-related matters, transfer pricing, reviewing the criteria adopted by the OECD and ensuring compliance with regulations in Argentina.

We closely collaborate with clients in determining the best procedures for planning their operations to minimize tax impact and prevent future tax contingencies.

Creation of commercial companies. Development of projects and/or alternative proposals. Advice and guidance to carry out the process. Completion of all necessary procedures for the incorporation. Documentation and requirements for the process.

Incorporation in third countries. Services for incorporating companies that can operate as offshore entities or not. The advice focuses on determining the most suitable corporate structure for their objectives and interests. Additionally, we provide additional services to foreign companies, such as the provision of a dedicated postal address and mail forwarding service.

Reorganization of one or more companies. Development of projects and/or alternative proposals for the reorganization. Advice and recommendations to carry out the process. Preparation of documentation and completion of necessary procedures and activities for corporate reorganization: merger, demerger, transformation. Transfer of shares. Change of jurisdiction.

Advice on inquiries related to board and shareholder meetings; convening and conducting assemblies; capital increases or reductions; amendments to statutes or contracts; drafting of minutes; procedures and other related matters.

Review of documentation prepared by the client's staff for submission to regulatory authorities or assistance in preparing the documentation.

Development of projects and/or alternative proposals for the dissolution and liquidation of a company. Preparation of the necessary documentation for the dissolution and liquidation process.

Keeping clients informed of updates regarding regulations from the Inspectorate General of Justice, National Securities Commission, Stock Exchange, Commercial Companies Law, and any changes or new regulations.

Advice on registration with the National Industrial Registry. Data collection for the annual census of the activity.

SUPERVISORY BODIES In cases where the legal structure of the company requires a supervisory body, the client may engage partners from our firm to fulfill the functions of the Syndic or members of the Supervisory Committee of the companies. We will issue the corresponding Syndic Report or Supervisory Committee Report on the annual report, balance sheet, and income statement.

The objective of this service is to provide the client with solutions related to organizational and system aspects, arising from their growth or the complexity of the market in which they operate, aimed at avoiding negative impacts on profitability or proper functioning.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS:

Survey, analysis, and diagnosis regarding the accuracy and timeliness of the company's information systems as a whole or in critical areas.

Evaluation and diagnosis of the company's use of information, particularly as a control tool and support for the management of various areas.

STREAMLINING OF ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS AND REQUIRED OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE:

General and specific procedure flowcharts. Description of procedures. Models of forms to be used. File models. Description of operator responsibilities.

Organizational chart. Description of the sectors comprising it. Hierarchical dependence. Description of each function. Lines of responsibility and authority.

Organigrama. Descripción de los sectores que lo componen. Dependencia jerárquica. Descripción de cada una de las funciones. Líneas de responsabilidad y autoridad.

Intense competitiveness requires companies to have a thorough understanding of their costs.

Our cost systems development services aim to promote the widespread use of cost systems, enabling clients to make informed decisions and achieve efficiency controls.

Planning of total costs across all areas of the company, starting from the products or services that are the focus of the business.

Development of a standardized control system for all areas and functions.

Utilization of the control system as feedback for the cost planning system.

The specific activities related to a cost system involve the development of: a cost accounting system (chart of accounts, cost allocation criteria); specific software that incorporates the unique characteristics and general requirements of the client's business or industry; an operational information structure (time and motion studies, specifications, scrap analysis, production volumes); cost determination procedures (cost identification and allocation per unit, departmentalization, application modules); critical review of operational procedures to identify opportunities for cost reduction.

Given that budgets are one of the necessary planning models in the face of complex management issues, we offer advisory services for the implementation of comprehensive or partial budgets. We provide assistance in all the preliminary steps, including design, implementation, control, review, and decision-making after their implementation.

This involves determining the set of policies and measures to be taken by the company to achieve its medium-term objectives.

The organization provides the service by conducting a diagnosis, determining the company's position in the market, defining the company's objectives, and devising the appropriate strategy to achieve them, along with partial objectives and strategies for each department.

Furthermore, the organizational chart and appropriate job descriptions are established to implement the plan.

For those companies that generate a volume of documents through their operations that do not justify having an in-house structure for their processing, our bookkeeping service offers the possibility of processing the documentation and recording it in legal accounting books and the records required by the Tax Authority.

If necessary, we can prepare the financial statements and provide the independent auditor with the necessary documentation and information they require to issue their professional report.

Advice and assistance in relation to inspections, verifications, responding to inquiries, and requests from social security and tax authorities directed towards clients.

Preparation of administrative appeals, claims for reimbursement, requests for reconsideration, and appeals.

Representation and defense in matters raised before tax collection agencies, other administrative instances, the National Tax Court, and the Judiciary.

Technical support to the client's legal advisors in case they assume the defense before tax and judicial authorities.

The Previsional and Tax Criminal Regime has had a profound impact on Argentine society.

This has created the need for extensive knowledge of its scope and consequences.

Our organization has qualified experts to advise and assist our clients, both in a preventive capacity and in the event of legal actions taken against them.

Trade barriers are no longer limited to traditional areas such as subsidies and tariffs; they now extend to specific technical regulations.

Obtaining product technical compliance is not a guarantee of market access, but it is almost like an "identity card." In other words, having a certified quality system will not automatically secure any market, but very soon, not having one will prevent access to any market.

Certification has become a central issue for SMEs, especially those that serve as suppliers to international companies.

This new requirement for SMEs has led us to develop expertise in this area and offer services related to quality procedures and standards. We can provide diagnosis, guidance on procedures, and assistance in obtaining the necessary certifications from the International Organization for Standardization.

The boom of franchising, and its proven usefulness, has led our organization to have dedicated staff to address the concerns and provide guidance to those who wish to explore the possibility of entering into franchising. Whether as an additional business strategy or as franchisees, we aim to assist in making the best choice by providing support in negotiating the contracts that arise from these opportunities.

In cases where the legal structure of the company requires a supervisory body, the client may choose to have the functions of the Syndic or members of the Supervisory Committee of the company performed by partners of our firm. We will issue the corresponding Syndic Report or Supervisory Committee Report on the annual report, balance sheet, and income statement.

The need for trial openings in legal actions where the company is involved often requires the involvement of an expert accountant or technical consultant, proposed by one of the parties.

The experience of the members of our organization in legal proceedings allows us to offer such services, covering all legal jurisdictions.

The growing insolvency situation, whether it be due to financial difficulties or complexity, leads companies to seek specialized professional advice and strategic knowledge in order to overcome them.

One of the possible strategies is to resort to the Preventive Bankruptcy procedure. ESTUDIO BONESI provides advice, facilitates the necessary tasks, and represents clients in relation to the filing of the bankruptcy petition in accordance with specific legislation.

For illustrative purposes, we outline the characteristics and scope of the services provided for this purpose.

THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF ADMINISTRATORS AND OWNERS IN CRISIS.

Opting for the bankruptcy remedy is not an easy decision for the owners and/or administrators of a company in crisis. Hearing, for example, that there have been decisions that have contributed to this state or that the treatment of this type of solution has been delayed, can lead to feelings of "self-blame," which undoubtedly complicates the dialogue between the advisor and the company.

Therefore, our firm makes every effort to listen to their doubts and concerns in order to convince them that they are on the right path. We ensure they understand the scope and effects of the steps to be taken, eliminating the uncertainty that the request for bankruptcy protection may cause in their current and future relationships with suppliers and service providers.

It is crucial to achieve that conviction, to understand that by doing so, they are protecting their rights and facilitating the ultimate goal, which is to safeguard the company's assets and the possibility of continuing their business.

We take into account that it is the owners and administrators themselves who will need to navigate through the economic and financial difficulties and eventually emerge from the crisis, perhaps with changes in internal structures, organizational systems, and different guidelines in all areas.

STAGE OF UNDERSTANDING THE CRISIS.

When we refer to an "organization in crisis," we are referring to one that is undergoing a process that compromises its survival and existence due to various circumstances.

This concept is distinct from a company or organization in balance and should not be confused with any "specific crisis situation," as the discussion here concerns the very survival of the organization.

When we talk about "organizations," we include all types of social entities, whether for profit or non-profit, and those operated by individuals.

Organizations, as systems, are open and constantly changing, and they communicate with the external environment. There is a process of reciprocal influence. Throughout their lifecycle, they go through different stages and sometimes enter crisis situations for various reasons.

In considering the possibility of implementing a preventive bankruptcy procedure to confront and overcome the crisis, an "understanding" stage of the crisis is undertaken, acknowledging the limitations that the urgency of filing the bankruptcy petition may impose.

This stage should allow for projecting whether the decisions made afterward will address the root causes of the crisis.

The determination of feasibility arises from an evaluation of the current and projected state of the organization, in which our firm actively participates.

STAGE OF UNDERSTANDING COSTS AND EXPENSES.

DETERMINATION OF THE BREAK-EVEN POINT FOR THE DISTRESSED BUSINESS UNIT.

We say that the Preventive Bankruptcy procedure is one of the tools organizations have to overcome a crisis, but this is only valid if the viability of the organization has been diagnosed.

Bankruptcy should be used as a temporary legal shield, as if the organization does not address the underlying problems that led to the crisis, it will not be able to overcome it and will only delay its ultimate demise.

Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the team leading the process is convinced that the chosen path (preventive bankruptcy) has a high chance of successfully overcoming the crisis. Our firm assists in gathering reliable information to determine costs, expenses, and revenue possibilities, ultimately leading to a projection that establishes the business's break-even point.

DOCUMENTATION, RECORDS, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Once the process of preparing for bankruptcy has begun, it is necessary to assess the state of update of the accounting records, supporting documentation, and the mandatory financial statements accompanying the petition.

This aims to quickly understand the current state and relate it to the expected timing of the bankruptcy filing. If the assessment reveals a risk in terms of meeting the requirement by the estimated date of the petition, our firm collaborates in tasks that help overcome the situation.

LEGAL REPRESENTATION.

Our firm offers the services of legal professionals necessary for handling the bankruptcy process and representing the debtor. These professionals have more than 30 years of experience in the specialization of crisis situations, bankruptcies, and liquidations, as well as a background in teaching.

FORMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PREVENTIVE BANKRUPTCY PETITION.

The requirements for filing a bankruptcy petition require a well-organized and clear presentation to facilitate the work of the Court and the understanding of the creditors, whose decision is crucial for the approval of the reorganization plan.

Presenting incomplete documentation can lead to automatic rejection. Our firm assists and, if necessary, undertakes the task of gathering the required documents and information mandated by the law to ensure a smooth process leading to the initiation of the preventive bankruptcy procedure.

THE APPOINTED BANKRUPTCY ADMINISTRATOR.

The bankruptcy process involves the appointment, by the Court, of a bankruptcy administrator. Our firm acts as the liaison between the administrator and the company throughout the various stages of the process and manages the relationship with the presiding judge.

EMPLOYMENT CONFLICTS DURING A COMPANY CRISIS.

Considering filing for preventive bankruptcy raises questions related to the company's workforce and how the employment relationships will continue.

These questions include how to proceed if one of the accompanying decisions is a restructuring of the existing workforce, with the possibility of staff reductions, and whether it is necessary to resort to crisis procedures allowed by law to continue the business activities.

The existence of what is known as "prompt payment" for labor-related debt leads to the understanding that once the bankruptcy process is initiated, these obligations must be promptly satisfied. This situation could potentially impact the resumption of activities. However, with the intervention of the Court and the bankruptcy administrator, it is possible to address this difficulty and overcome it.

Our firm provides advice and legal coverage for each decision and necessary projections to ensure that the "working capital" required for optimal business operations is not affected.

EXISTENCE OF TRANSACTIONS THAT MAY GIVE RISE TO INEFFECTIVENESS ACTIONS.

We analyze transactions that may be challenged by third parties who consider them detrimental to their unpaid claims. We provide opinions on whether these transactions may have been incorrectly executed and could be the basis for ineffective acts.

SOME EFFECTS OF BANKRUPTCY.

Declaring bankruptcy has various effects. For example, if there are ongoing lawsuits and legal actions, it is necessary to be aware of their status. Our firm contacts the attorneys involved to understand the scope of the actions and coordinate the necessary submissions.

In cases where there are claims with real guarantees, such as mortgages or pledges, we analyze the status of the cases and, specifically, the timing of potential executions, which are temporarily suspended due to the bankruptcy process. This evaluation allows us to assess their impact on business operations.

If there are existing contracts for sales or purchases, we assist in determining whether it is advisable to continue with these contracts and provide guidance on the necessary steps based on the decisions made.

It is common for a company in crisis to have closed its bank accounts. To regain banking services, it is necessary to promptly request the reopening of accounts through the Court. Our firm assists in obtaining this service efficiently.

Everything discussed here illustrates the scope of ESTUDIO BONESI's advisory services in addressing the crisis through the preventive bankruptcy process.

This solution encompasses many other aspects, including:

- Interests

- Lawsuits against the debtor

- Non-monetary debts

- Leasing contracts, trusts

- Insinuation of claims into the debtor's liabilities

- Privileged creditors

- Tax creditors and the fiscal situation during bankruptcy

- Analysis of the proposal's legality and feasibility

- Economic and financial project as a foundation

- Opportunities for improvement

- Process expenses and professional fees

- Regulated administration, authorized and prohibited acts, and potential management changes.

In family businesses, it is common for growth to occur informally, sometimes leading to conflicts among family members. Unclear roles and contributions within the company can create tensions in the work environment, jeopardizing personal relationships.

To avoid this, it is essential to clarify processes, define responsibilities, and implement the necessary tools to establish smooth operations that facilitate a successful transition to the next generation and ensure the future continuity of the business.

The main objective is to preserve family ties, avoiding conflicts and balancing the individual commitments of each member. This may involve creating voluntary agreements, identifying and developing a team of individuals who will lead the company when the current generation is no longer able or willing to manage it, and organizing the transfer of ownership among partners. These aspects require guidance and consultation to ensure a smooth transition process.

Controls aimed at preventing and detecting money laundering and terrorist financing have become increasingly stringent. This issue knows no geographical boundaries and is not limited to a specific activity.

Therefore, organizations must implement a series of strategies to comply with regulations and effectively manage these types of risks.

We provide guidance and support in developing practices that help achieve these objectives.